Apothecary
/ Metric and Other Conversion Equivalents
|
Abbreviation
of Measures
|
| gal
or gals |
=
gallons |
g |
=
gram |
| O,
pt or pts |
=
pints |
kg |
=
kilogram (1,000g) |
| oz
or ozs |
=
ounces |
mg |
=
milligram (1/1,000g) |
| fl.oz |
=
fluid ounces |
mcg
or µg |
=
microgram (1/1,000,000g) |
| lb
or lbs |
=
pounds |
L
or l |
=
litre (or liter in US) |
| st |
=
stones |
cl |
=
centilitre (1/100 L) |
| gtts |
=
drops |
ml |
=
millilitre (1/1000 L) |
| iu |
=
international units |
µl |
=
microlitre (1/1,000,000 L) |
|
m or min |
=
minims |
meq
or mEq |
=
Milliequivalent |
| hr |
=
hour |
m |
=
metre (or meter in US) |
| min |
=
minutes |
mm |
=
millimetre (1/1,000 m) |
| sec |
=
seconds |
cc
or cu.cm |
=
cubic centimetres (1/1,000 L) |
| ft |
=
foot or feet |
dr |
=
dram or drachm |
| gr |
=
grains |
sc |
=
scruple |
| t
or tsp |
=
teaspoon |
T
or tbsp |
=
tablespoon |
|
|
• One
litre of pure water weighs approx. one kilogram so 1cc of water
weighs 1 gram.
• A steel paper clip weighs about 1 gram.
• "A spoonful" means heaped or rounded, with as much
above the bowl of the spoon as in the spoon. Obviously, a measure
of liquid is a level spoonful. |
|
Liquid
Metric Conversions
|
| 1
gallon (gal)(US) |
=
3785 ml |
1
gallon (UK) |
=
4546 ml |
| 1
pint (pt)(US) |
=
473.18 ml |
1
pint (UK) |
=
568.26 ml |
| 16
fluid ounces (US) |
=
473.18 ml |
20
fluid ounces (UK) |
=
568.26 ml |
| 8
fluid ounces (US) |
=
236.59 ml |
10
fluid ounces (UK) |
=
284.13 ml |
| 4
fluid ounces (US) |
=
118.29 ml |
5
fluid ounces (UK) |
=
142.07 ml |
| 1
fluid ounce (fl.oz)(US) |
=
29.57 ml |
1
fluid ounce (UK) |
=
28.41 ml |
| - |
- |
- |
- |
| 1cc
= 1g |
=
1ml (approx) |
1
teaspoon |
=
5 ml (approx) |
| 10
minims |
=
0.616 ml |
1
tablespoon |
=
15 ml (approx) |
| 15
to 16 drops ( gtts ) |
=
1 cc = 1ml |
1
drop |
=
1 minim approx |
| Note:-
Spoon and drop conversions should be regarded as approximations
due to the different surface tensions and specific gravity of
various liquids. |
|
Solid
Metric Conversions
|
| 1
pound (avoirdupois) |
=
453.592 g |
1/2
grain |
=
30 mg |
| 1
pound (apothecary) |
=
373.242 g |
1/4
grain |
=
15 mg |
| 1
ounce (avoirdupois) |
=
28.35 g |
1/8
grain |
=
8 mg |
| 1
ounce (apothecary) |
=
31.10 g |
1/12
grain |
=
5 mg |
| 15
grains |
=
1 g |
1/100
grain |
=
600 mcg |
| 10
grains |
=
600 mg |
1/150
grain |
=
400 mcg |
| 7
1/2 grains |
=
500 mg |
1/200
grain |
=
300 mcg |
| 5
grains |
=
300 mg |
1/250
grain |
=
250 mcg |
| 1
1/2 grains |
=
100 mg |
1/300
grain |
=
200 mcg |
| 1
grain |
=
64.79891 mg |
1
kilogram |
=
2.2 pounds |
| 1
pound |
=
0.45 kilograms (kg) |
1
stone |
=
6.35 kg |
| 1000
mcg |
=
300 to 7000 iu (below) |
1000
mcg |
=
1 mg |
| 1
scruple |
=
1.2 g |
1
drachm |
=
28.8 g |
Note
on International Units ( i.u. )
An old measurement of vitamin activity determined by biological
methods as opposed to new measures that are determined by direct
chemical analysis.
Many health foods and supplements still use i.u. ( IU ).
For Vitamin A, 1 i.u. = 0.3µg retinol, 3.6µg b-carotene,
or 7.2µg other vitamin A carotenoids
For Vitamin D, 1 i.u. = 0.025µg cholecalciferol
For Vitamin E, 1 i.u. = 0.67µg natural a-tocopherol (different
conversion factors are used for different forms of vitamin E)
|
.
|
Ratios
and Percent Solutions
|
| 1:100 |
= 1g/100ml
[10mg/ml] |
= 1% |
| 1:200 |
= 500mg/100ml
[5mg/ml] |
= 0.5% |
| 1:1,000 |
= 100mg/100ml
[1mg/ml] |
= 0.1% |
| 1:5,000 |
= 20mg/100ml
[200mcg/ml] |
= 0.02% |
| 1:10,000 |
= 10mg/100ml
[100mcg/ml] |
= 0.01% |
Calculation
of Milliequivalents (mEq)
mEq
= Weight
(grams) / mEq Weight (grams)
| Ion
or Compound |
mEq
W.(g)
|
Ion or Compound
|
mEq W.(g) |
| Na+ |
0.023 |
HC03- |
0.061 |
| K+ |
0.039 |
NaCl |
0.0585 |
| Ca++ |
0.020 |
KCl |
0.0745 |
| Mg++ |
0.012 |
CaCl.2H2O |
0.0735 |
| NH4+ |
0.018 |
NH4Cl |
0.0535 |
| Cl |
0.0355 |
MgSO4.7H20 |
0.123 |
| Lactate |
0.089 |
NaHCO3 |
0.084 |
| Acetate |
0.059 |
Ca Gluconate |
0.224 |
| Citrate |
0.063 |
Phosphorus |
0.031 |
For milliequivalent
weights not shown, use the formula:-
milliequivalent weight (mEq W.) = Atomic
Weight (g) / (Valence) x 1,000
|
Drug
Administration Times
|
|
Standardised
medication administration times should be followed as much
as possible. The following table shows those hours of the
day which are to be used as standardised times of medication
administration. If the prescriber wishes the first dose
to be administered before the earliest available standardised
time then the prescriber should state "expedite" or "first
dose now" with the drug order.
In ICU's the first dose of a newly ordered parenteral antibiotic
regimen should be administered within 2 hours unless specified
otherwise by the prescriber.
|
|
Ordered
Time
|
Hour(s)
to be given
|
| QAM |
08 |
| QD |
08 |
| QHS |
21 |
| QPM |
17 |
| BID |
08
17 |
| Q12H |
08
20 |
| Q8H |
08
16 24 |
| TID |
08
12 17 |
| TID
AC |
07
12 17 |
| TID
W/M |
0730
1230 1730 |
| QID |
08
12 17 21 |
| Q6H |
06
12 18 24 |
| AC
& HS |
07
12 17 21 |
| PC
& HS |
08
13 18 21 |
| 1
HR AC & HS |
0630
1130 1630 2100 |
| 1
HR PC & HS |
0830
1330 1830 2100 |
| 5
X's/day |
06
1030 15 1930 23 |
| Q4H |
04
08 12 16 20 24 |
Common Terms and Abbreviations
|
Term
or Phrase
|
Abbreviation
|
Meaning
|
| ad |
ad |
to, up
to |
| ad libitum |
ad. lib. |
at pleasure |
| ana |
a.a. |
of each |
| ante cibos |
a.c. |
before
meals |
| aqua |
aq. |
water |
| bis in
die |
b.i.d. |
twice
a day |
| collyrium |
collyr. |
eye lotion |
| cum |
c. |
with |
| cum aqua |
cum aq. |
with water |
| dentur
tales doses |
d.t.d. |
give such
doses |
| dispensa |
disp. |
dispense |
| et |
et |
and |
| gutta,
guttae |
gtt. |
drop,
drops |
| hora somni |
h.s. |
at bedtime |
| in vitro |
in vit. |
in glass |
| misce |
m. |
mix |
| non repetatur |
non. rep. |
do not
repeat |
| oculus
dexter |
o.d. |
right
eye |
| oculus
sinister |
o.s. |
left eye |
| omni die |
o.d. |
daily |
| omni mane |
o.m. |
every
morning |
| omni nocte |
o.n. |
every
night |
| per os |
p.o. |
by mouth |
| placebo |
placebo |
to please |
| post cibos |
p.c. |
after
meals |
| pro re
nata |
p.r.n. |
as the
occasion arises |
| quantum
sufficiat |
q.s. |
sufficient
quantity |
| quater
in die |
q.i.d. |
four times
a day |
| recipe |
Rx |
take |
| semis |
ss _ |
one-half |
| sine |
s,s |
without |
| si opus
sit |
s.o.s. |
if necessary |
| ter in
die |
t.i.d. |
three
times a day |
| trochiscus,
torchisci |
troch. |
lozenge,
lozenges |
| unguentum |
ungt. |
ointment |
| ut
dictum |
ut
dict. |
as directed |
Estimating Lean Body Weight
| Lean
Body Weight Calculation: |
Males
50kg + 2.3kg per each inch over 5 feet of height |
| Females
45kg + 2.3kg per each inch over 5 feet of height |
In
patients whose actual weight is > 20% over the above calculated
ideal body weight, add 40% of the difference between the actual
and the calculated ideal weights to the calculated ideal weight
to arrive at a corrected ideal body weight.
1kg = 2.2 lbs. 14 lbs. = 1 stone = 6.35 kg |
| Height |
Estimated
Lean Body Weight
(+) or ( - ) 2.3kg per inch over/under 5 feet tall
(+) 50kg for men or (+) 45.5kg for women
|
|
Imperial
/ metric
|
Males
(kg)
|
Females
(kg)
|
|
4 ft 8
in / 142 cm
|
40.8
|
36.3
|
|
4 ft 9
in / 145 cm
|
43.1
|
38.6
|
|
4 ft 10
in / 147 cm
|
45.4
|
40.9
|
|
4 ft 11
in / 150 cm
|
47.7
|
43.2
|
|
5 ft 0
in / 152 cm
|
50.0
|
45.5
|
|
5 ft 1
in / 155 cm
|
52.3
|
47.8
|
|
5 ft 2
in / 157 cm
|
54.6
|
50.1
|
|
5 ft 3
in / 160 cm
|
56.9
|
52.4
|
|
5 ft 4
in / 163 cm
|
59.2
|
54.7
|
|
5 ft 5
in / 165 cm
|
61.5
|
57.0
|
|
5 ft 6
in / 168 cm
|
63.8
|
59.3
|
|
5 ft 7
in / 170 cm
|
66.1
|
61.6
|
|
5 ft 8
in / 173 cm
|
68.4
|
63.9
|
|
5 ft 9
in / 175 cm
|
70.7
|
66.2
|
|
5 ft 10
in / 178 cm
|
73.0
|
68.5
|
|
5 ft 11
in / 180 cm
|
75.3
|
70.8
|
|
6 ft 0
in / 183 cm
|
77.6
|
73.1
|
|
6 ft 1
in / 185 cm
|
79.9
|
75.4
|
|
6 ft 2
in / 188 cm
|
82.2
|
77.7
|
|
6 ft 3
in / 191 cm
|
84.5
|
80.0
|
|
6 ft 4
in / 193 cm
|
86.8
|
82.3
|
|
6 ft 5
in / 196 cm
|
89.1
|
84.6
|
|
6 ft 6
in / 198 cm
|
91.4
|
86.9
|
|
6 ft 7
in / 201 cm
|
93.7
|
89.2
|
|
6 ft 8
in / 203 cm
|
96.0
|
91.5
|
For metric
conversions go to a unit starting with
-
a
b c
d e
f g
h i
j k
l m
n o
p q
r s
t u
v w
y
|
|
|
Related
pages |
|
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Other
useful sites |
|
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| |
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